Finality is the point after which a transaction is considered irreversible under the protocol's security assumptions.
Probabilistic finality strengthens with confirmations. Many PoS chains offer faster economic finality.
In research workflows, Finality is usually interpreted with Consensus mechanism, Layer 1, Bridge, and Chain reorganization rather than as a standalone signal. Throughput, finality, and fee markets determine user experience and where activity migrates during congestion.