MEV (maximal extractable value) is value validators or searchers can extract by reordering, inserting, or censoring transactions.
Sandwich attacks and arbitrage are common MEV forms. Users see MEV as worse execution or failed trades.
In research workflows, MEV is usually interpreted with Sandwich attack, Mempool, Slippage, and Automated market maker rather than as a standalone signal. Throughput, finality, and fee markets determine user experience and where activity migrates during congestion.